乙烯工业 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 64-68.

• 综述 • 上一篇    

老旧蒸汽裂解装置冬季运行安全管控初探

盛在行，李少鹏
  

  1. 中国石化工程建设有限公司，北京 100101
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-16 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-09-28
  • 作者简介:盛在行，男，1997年毕业于天津大学化学工程专业，获工学硕士学位，现从事烯烃分离工艺和技术管理工作，正高级工程师。

Study on operation safety management and control of aging ethylene plant during winter

Sheng Zaihang, Li Shaopeng   

  1. SINOPEC Engineering Incorporation, Beijing, P.C.100101
  • Received:2025-05-16 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-09-28

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摘要：

针对国内超长周期（>30 a）蒸汽裂解装置冬季频发泄漏—冻胀—火灾链式事故的现状，文中以某乙烯裂解装置排净线爆裂火灾为案例，通过DCS、GDS、气象与监控多源数据，重建泄漏时序；采用Phast软件建立水→液化烃→裂解气三阶段泄漏模型，并与视频耦合，证实DN 50盲端管在-15 ℃伴热失效、保温层下腐蚀（CUI）壁厚减薄至2.06 mm条件下，因冻胀内压超限发生45°剪切撕裂。研究提出了老装置冬季运行期“设计-检测-预警-应急”四维闭环管理要点，为同类装置标准升级提供量化依据。

关键词: 蒸汽裂解  , 事故  , QRA  , Phast  , 数值模拟  , 安全设计

Abstract:

In response to the frequent chain accidents of leakage–freeze expansion–fire in domestic ethylene plants with ultra-long service cycle (>30 years) during winter, this paper takes a rupture-and-fire incident on the drain line of an ethylene cracking unit as the example, and reconstructs the release sequence using multi-source data from DCS, GDS, weather stations and surveillance cameras. Using Phast software, a three-stage leakage model of water → liquid hydrocarbon → cracked gas is established and coupled with video frames. It is confirmed that, under conditions of -15 ℃ heat-tracing failure and CUI wall-thinning to 2.06 mm, the DN50 blind-end pipe suffers a 45° shear rupture when internal pressure exceeds the freeze-expansion limit. A four-dimensional closed-loop management strategy of design–inspection–warning–emergency for winter operation of aged units is proposed, providing quantitative bases for standard upgrades of similar installations in the industry.

Key words: ethylene plant, accident, QRA, Phast, numerical simulation, safety design

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