This paper studies in depth the carburization failure mechanism and detection principles for tubes of ethylene cracker, and introduces an innovative intelligent carburization detection system. This system enables rapid carburization detection and analysis across the entire tube, significantly improving equipment management and maintenance efficiency and enhancing the sustainability and safety of industrial production. During the application of this system in the ethylene cracker of a petrochemical company, the detection data clearly indicates that the extent of carburization is influenced by various factors including both the temperature field generated by burners and the turbulence of medium inside furnace tubes. The 3D carburization data for each tube provides precise guidance for tube replacement. This intelligent carburization detection system helps reduce operational risks, optimize process parameters, implement accurate tube replacement and improve the economic benefits of enterprises.