The structural design of header box is an essential part in the design of the convection section of ethylene cracking furnace. It directly affects the safe operation and heat loss of cracking furnace, and greatly influences the convenience of disassembly and assembly during maintenance and repair and the repair difficulty of damaged structures. This article analyzes and compares the selection and performance of lining materials as well as the structural design and construction of various linings and their composite forms in the structural design of header box in cracking furnace, so as to achieve optimized design.